Chess

John Loughran

Chess History

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.

c.550

Chaturanga, India

c.570

Chinese chess with dice  (c.800 close to modern Chinese chess), -> Shogi in Japan

c.600

Chatrang, Persia

638

Shatranj, Arabs, Islamic conquest of Persia, Problems; Sanskrit romance

700

Europe via Morocco, Sicily, Byzantium (Recent find in Albania dates to 5--!)

801

Charlemange plays chess, Al-Rushid (786-809), Caliph of Baghdad, 1st caliph to play chess.

1000

Chess strong in Europe, nobles, soldiers, Allegories

11--

Isle of Lewis chessmen, viking, Toraíocht Diarmuid agus Gráinne

12--

Pawn moves 2 squares

1475

Modern chess, Fers -> Queen, Aufin(Alfil, Elephant) -> Bishop.

Other laws unchanged since beginning, i.e. Arrangement, Checkmate, Moves...

 

Openings: Ruy Lopez, Lucena, El Greco

15--

Modern castling, stalemate?

1730

Coffee houses

1749

Philidor's "Analyse des Échecs", attacked, -> Schools of chess

1780

Café de la Régence, Paris, j'adoube

1834

McDonnell - La Bourdonnais

1843

Staunton - St. Amant, Staunton pieces, laws, notation, timing

1851

First international tournament at London, won by Anderssen

1858

Morphy conquers Europe

1872

Steinitz (Prague) first World Champion

1880

En passant widely accepted, known since 14--. (Passar Battaglia)

1924

FIDE, Federation Internationale des Échecs

1927

   Olympiad

1947

   World championship

1950

   Titles

1970

   Rating