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The first movie camera was invented by a French scientist called Etienne-Jules Marey. He was interested in animal movement, especially flying birds. In 1882, he discovered a camera that could record 12 images in a single second on a moving glass photographic plate. This is the first camera able to record moving pictures.
Silent films were used for the first 30 years. There were no sound effects and nobody spoke. Then words started to appear on the screen and the actors would make emotional expressions like surprised or angry. A pianist would play music to fit the scenes that were being showed.
Two French brothers named Louis Jean Lumiére and Auguste Lumiére set up the world's first cinema where People paid to see short films. This was all set up in Paris. They projected films with their own cinématograph, it worked like a projector and a portable camera. They used this after several years, the brothers made and showed short films all over the world.