The Holy Wells of The Parish


Nuala Carroll

BACKGROUND

Water is an essential part of life and without an adequate supply of it vegetation withers and animals and man languish and die. Therefore since primeval times sources of water have been highly regarded and the more dependable these sources were, the more revered they become. They become places of pilgrimage and worship. Pagan people were convinced they contained properties that would drive away all ills of the flesh.

When Christianity came to Ireland in the fifth century, the worship of wells grew rather than diminished and the early monks built their churches and living places around them. As the monk population grew, more wells were consecrated and become places of pilgrimage.

The custom flourished and the people's belief was total. No complaint, no matter how malignant, was beyond the powers of the magical waters. The first Sunday in November was the chief visiting day in Ireland. The ritual of veneration was almost the same everywhere. The pilgrim trudged around the well three times offering prayers to the patron of the spring. He then knelt down and bathed his face and hands, paying particular attention to any affected area. Afterwards he left a votive offering, a throwback to the times when the sacrifice of live animals was practised. Then like the eternal optimist he went hopefully home.

For many centuries, Wexford too, abounded with holy wells and like the rest of the country the people also turned out in droves. Nowadays the turnout is down to a dribble and the constant pilgrim is fast becoming an oddity.

BROWNSCASTLE

Some time ago I set off on a voyage of discovery. I had read Gearoid O' Broin's article 'Holy Wells of Wexford', which appears in The Journal of the Wexford Historical Society, Vol. 9, 1983/84. According to this article, pilgrims visited the well of St. Munna in Brownscastle in vast numbers. This was close to what is known locally as 'St. Munn's Bed', famous for cures of the back. Patterns were held there every year on the Saint's Feast Day, 21 October. These were prohibited from 1800 AD for 'weighty reasons' as some historians put it. A lot of patterns were stopped at this time and I understand the 'weighty reasons' referred to unedifying carousing and other misconduct. It appears any form of entertainment was frowned on by the clergy of long ago. Even though the pattern was discontinued people still continued to go there in vast numbers for many years afterwards.

Some years ago Jack Sinnott and Christy Murphy drained and piped the area around the well. They did a major clean up and made the well accessible again as before they did this one had to step on stones to get near it. This was recently continued by Seamus Seery and others and now it is very easy to get to the well. Some votive artefacts are still there but alas the tree which was full of brown pennies is very bare.

This well was mentioned on several occasions in 'The Free Press':

The well of St. Fintan Munna has of late been much talked about in the district of on account of several reported cures which took place there recently. On Sunday over 100 people visited the well and drank the waters. During the previous week two cures were reported.

The well of St. Fintan Munna at Brownscastle is still attracting a large number of people every Sunday. People in large numbers visit the well and partake of its healing waters. One cure has already taken place and others are reported. The well should rival Ballinaslaney in popularity in a short time.

The Holy Well of St. Munna at Brownscastle is still being visited by people who seek for a cure, by bathing in it's healing waters. People suffering from various diseases visited the well in a constant stream during the summer months. With the coming of winter however, the number has fallen off very considerably. The report that a number of cures had taken place at the well drew public attention to the healing powers of the water.

A couple of lines of an old ballad still linger in the memory of some older people and they confirm that the activities at these patterns were not confined solely to spiritual matters:

I am sad and distraught but no more than I ought,
Me who lived like a queen in a castle,
For with poteen abuse and petticoats loose,
I blackened my soul in Brownscastle.

Another line from the same ballad goes:

On that October day I was swept far away

indicating that the pattern was then held in October.

The Well of St. Fintan Munna at Brownscastle

TOBAR MUNNA

There s a second well dedicated to St. Munna. This well is called 'Tobar Munna'. It is situated down a lane way opposite the Catholic Church in the village. It is easy to approach this well due to a recent clean up by the local FAS team and clearly shows an inscription: 'Tobar Munna 1896'. Sadly, at the moment there is no water there. It was not always so clean as can be seen from the following letter to the Editor of 'The Free Press' on 1 October, 1910.

Sir, a stirring characteristic of the Irish race is their love and veneration of holy things and places - .it is almost a part of their real existence without which they could hardly be termed Irish. It is an Irishman's or woman's second nature. But I am of the opinion that some of the habitants of Taghmon are not true Irish for instead of showing veneration for holy places they desecrate them. I do not mean any respectable inhabitants of Taghmon - far from it - for they, like myself are shocked at such an existing state of affairs. One day last week a friend of mine visited me and I was showing him about. We were visiting historic ruins around the village. I asked him would he like to see Tobar Munna, or St Munn's Well, and he said he would. We arrived at the entrance to the well, a narrow lane way not wide enough to allow two persons to walk abreast and almost 40 yards in length. It is opposite the chapel. The well itself is covered with a small masonry structure resembling a house for the purpose of guarding against leaves and other dirt that might otherwise get into its waters. As I and my friend were proceeding along the lane way towards the well we had to watch our step for every two or three feet we met with nuisance but when we reached the well we were entirely shocked for the little wall around the well, and the ground adjoining it were literally smeared with nuisance. Such a state of affairs is hardly commendable in a Christian country and still less in model Wexford, but unfortunately it is too true. The well was blessed of old, by St Fintan Munn, as he is called locally, the patron saint of Taghmon, and about twenty years ago this little house was built over it and blessed by the late Dean Murphy.

The writer who signed the letter 'No Class' goes on to suggest that a committee be formed to investigate the above and clean up the area as a mark of respect to the late Dean Murphy and for the love and honour of St. Fintan.

The entrance to Tobar Munna

THE NUNNERY WELL

I found other wells on my travels or rather traces of other wells. The Nunnery Well can be seen in a field at the back of the Bakery. It has dried up completely and is only recognisable by the presence of a few flat stones left abandoned beside a lonely whitethorn. This well was used by the people of the village, particularly the residents of Mahony's Row, for generations as their main water source. A pathway led across from the back of the rows of cottages through Codd's field and water carriers could be constantly seen moving to and fro, even as late as twenty years ago. The name of the well refers to a Nunnery, which was situated beside the Monachán graveyard. Its outline is still clearly visible near to the fence which separates the bakery from the Monachán field. The Nunnery eventually passed to the Abbey of Ferns in the 12th century.

There is a tradition in the village that the site of the Nunnery Well was moved following Cromwell's arrival in Taghmon, when his soldiers are reputed to have washed their feet in the waters. A large stone, situated a few yards away, marks the original well site.

The remains of The Nunnery Well

The Trinity Well

KILGARVAN

At Kilgarvan, on the left-hand side of the bridge as one travels to Caroreigh, in Watchorn's Moor, lie the remains of St. Garvan's Well. This has long since been abandoned as a place of devotion and is only accessible nowadays to the most intrepid of explorers, one of whom ventured down to take photographs for me. The whitethorn guardian has rotted away and the artefacts that it accommodated have vanished from sight.

THE TRINITY WELL

In contrast to the sad demise of St. Garvan's, the Trinity well at Tinnacurra is a glorious example of reconstruction with splendid stonework housing the ancient spring. It is a fitting monument to enterprise and imagination and will be a major source of interest to future historians.

COOLSTUFF

In 'O'Donovan's letters containing information relating to the antiquities of County Wexford 1840', I came across a reference to a holy well about 300 yards to the east of the church in Coolstuff, at which a pattern was held on 15th August 'last year' - i.e.1840. This well is still visible on the side of the road near the graveyard and water still flows as it did it ancient times.

CONCLUSION

Perhaps this article may do something to revive interest in holy wells and who knows, maybe someday the pilgrims will once again journey to Brownscastle to 'partake of the healing waters'.

ACKNOWLEGEMENTS

Des Waters
Gearoid O'Broin

REFERENCES AND NOTES

  1. The Free Press, 29 June, 1912
  2. Ibid., 31 August, 1912
  3. Ibid., 30 November, 1912
  4. As remembered by the late Patsy Waters and passed on by him to his nephew, Des Waters.