(c) Copyright: These prescriptions may not be published or used for commercial purposes in any form without written permission from the author. However, colleagues may use them for personal, clinical or research purposes, as they may wish.

Acupuncture in Genitourinary and related Conditions:
3d. Summary of Points & Protocols for
"Urinary & General Disorders"

(99nov28, 167 Kb)

From the Web Pages of Phil Rogers MRCVS
Lucan, Dublin, Ireland [Fax: 353-46-26154; Tel: 353-46-26740 (lab)]

Please CLICK HERE to report errors or incorrect links, or e-mail the author

*"Urinary & General Disorders"

Introduction | "Female" | "Male" | Similar organs or conditions | Urinary & General
Keywords | Abstracts | Main Page | Fast Find a Formula | Top

(ADA = from Top Ten Points, Rogers 1999)

Emergencies; head / neck & their functions (ADA)

Urogenital system (ADA)

Upper body (back, spine, arm, head)

Perineum

Thoracic limb (ADA)

Urinary disorders

Thorax, its organs & functions (ADA)

Urinary incontinence, retention, urination during coitus

Abdomen, back & lumbosacral area (ADA)

Pelvic limb (ADA)

Lowback, lumbar, sacral & pelvic area

General conditions (ADA)

Abdomen

 

 

EMERGENCIES & DISORDERS OF THE HEAD & NECK & THEIR FUNCTIONS

| TOP |

 Top Ten Points, sorted by descending Citation score ( ADA, Rogers 1999)

Emergencies GV26, KI01, ST36, PC06, A_01, LI04, PC09, GV20, LU11, LI11
First aid GV20, ST36, PC06, GB20, LV03, GV26, Z_03, LI04, Z_09, LU11
Addictions ST36, SP06, LI04, BL13, PC06, CV12, BL21, CV06, LV03, GB08
Psyche & mental disorders HT07, SP06, PC06, ST36, GB20, LI04, GV20, LV03, BL15, CV12
Brain, its functions & parts, meninges, polio, convulsions, memory, tetanus, CVA etc LI04, LI11, ST36, GB34, ST06, LI15, GB20, GB30, ST04, GV14
Spinal cord BL11, GV14, GV04, BL60, GV15, KI07, BL10, GV20, ST36, KI08
Convulsions, epilepsy, tetanus, tremor GV14, ST36, LI04, GV26, KI01, GV20, LV03, LI11, GB20, PC06
Face, cheek LI04, ST06, ST04, ST07, ST02, LI20, BL02, GB14, TH17, ST03
Forehead, frontal sinuses LI04, Z_03, GB14, BL02, GV23, Z_09, GB20, LU07, ST44, GV24
Head, forehead, vertex, occiput, temple, headaches, sinusitis etc LI04, GB20, Z_09, GV20, LU07, Z_03, BL10, LI20, BL02, BL60
Mouth LI04, LI11, ST04, ST06, PC08, GV12, GV27, LI07, Z_20, ST44
Neck & cervical spine GB20, GV14, LI04, BL10, SI03, LI11, OT01, GB21, GB39, SI15
Occiput GB20, BL10, SI03, BL60, GV15, BL65, LI04, LU07, GV20, OT05
Temple Z_09, GB20, GB08, GB41, LI04, TH03, TH05, TH23, GB07, LU07
Thyroid, parathyroid CV22, LI11, LI04, ST09, PC06, GB20, LI18, BL10, CV23, GV14
Vertex GV20, GB20, LV03, KI01, LI04, BL07, GV19, BL60, GB11, SI03

DISORDERS OF THE UPPER BODY (BACK, SPINE, ARM, HEAD

| TOP |

(For better points, see ADA (Rogers 1999) under Head & neck, Thoracic limb, Thorax)

Deafness, sudden (A) GB02, LV03, GB43; (B) TH17, TH03, KI03; alternate the groups. Treat as needed.

309

Depression KI04 + PC04

204

Depression-delusion schizophrenia PC06, Z_03->HT region (midway between BL01 points) +/- SP06; every 2 d, 3 times/wk.

140

Depression-simple schizophrenia Z_01, GV15, PC06 +/- HT05, KI04; every 2 d, 3 times/wk.

140

Depression-strained schizophrenia GV16, GV15, GV14, PC06 +/- SI03; every 2 d, 3 times/wk.

140

Dysaudia TH05, SI03

391

Epistaxis BL40-Weizhong, also called Xuexi (Blood Xi) is BL He Point; may be bled to Clear the Blood & Drain Heat.

177

Epistaxis AP SP01, BL67, LU11, LI01, TH01 (all bilateral) + GV23; retain needles 20 min.

265

Eye disorders KI04+ GB37

204

Hysteria SI03 is Jiao of the 8 Extra Channels; it arises at the perineum.

320

Hysterical aphasia LV02, CV23; reduce.

262

Hysterical paralysis Lie patient face-up with both legs stretched. Swiftly insert 28 gauge 1.5" needle to 1" deep straight in at KI01. In unilateral paralysis, use ipsilateral KI01;paraplegia, use both KI01 points. Get Deqi to thigh, groin & lower abdomen; reinforce-reduce evenly & strongly2-3 min; retain15 min; manipulate every 5 min. Treat 1-3 times/d. Ask patient to bend or raise affected leg repeatedly. Help them to walk around immediately after AP.

290

Mania GV26->GV28, PC05, ST40 or GV26->GV28, CV15->CV14; every 2 d, 3 times/wk.

140

Manic-depression - adolescent schizophrenia PC05, Z_03->HT region; every 2 d, 3 times/wk.

140

Manic-depression - psychotic PC05, GV26->GV28; every 2 d, 3 times/wk.

140

Manic-depression - strained type PC05, GV16, GV26->GV28; every 2 d, 3 times/wk.

140

Migraine, chronic GB20, ST08, GB08, LI04. Deqi from GB20 should reach affected area.

408

Mumps (see testicle) AP TH17, ST06, LI04; reduce; once/d for 3 d; Fever: add LI11; Swelling & pain: add LU11 (bleed)

235

Pain in elbow, tennis elbow TH05, SI08

391

Pain in phantom limb CV17, LI04

391

Pain in shoulder-arm TH05, GB41

391

Pain, back vertebral injury, pain at cervical vertebrae SI03, TH05

391

Pre-menstrual tension AP GV26 obliquely (bird-peck until tears flow) + GV20 & Z_01 (reduce) + SP06, PC06, LV03 (reinforce) + CV06 (reinforce-reduce evenly); retain 20 min. Treat from d 15 before menstruation to d 2 after end of period.

183

Rhinitis, epistaxis & olfactory abnormality GV23, LI20, LI04; reduce; retain 15-20 min.

364

Somnipathy PC06

391

SP Xu (bodily heaviness, cold limbs, insomnia) CV01, CV03, CV06, SP06, SP09, ST36, SP04, PC06, HT07

369

Throat problems, excessive thirst, constipation CV01, CV03, CV06, SP06, SP09, GV14, LU09, ST40

369

Toothache LI01, SI03

391

Vertigo SI03, PC06

391

 DISORDERS OF THE THORACIC LIMB

| TOP |

Top Ten Points, sorted by descending Citation score ( ADA, Rogers 1999)

Arm, humerus LI11, LI15, LI04, SI09, SI11, TH06, LI10, TH08, LI14, PC03
Axilla HT01, GB40, GB42, GB22, SI09, PC01, GB38, PC05, LI15, TH12
Elbow LI11, TH05, LI04, HT03, LU05, LI10, OT01, LI12, TH10, SI07
Finger LI04, A_22, SI03, LI03, TH05, SI04, SI07, PC07, PC06, TH04
Forearm, radius, ulna LI11, HT03, LI10, LI04, PC06, HT07, PC03, TH05, SI08, TH09
Hand, palm LI04, LI11, A_22, SI03, PC07, LI03, PC08, SI04, TH03, PC06
Shoulder, scapula, clavicle LI15, LI11, TH14, SI11, SI09, LI04, OT01, SI10, OT05, BL11
Thoracic limb, its organs & functions LI11, LI15, TH05, LI04, SI03, TH04, HT03, PC07, LI10, OT05
Wrist, carpus TH04, TH05, LI04, PC07, LI05, LU07, SI04, PC06, LI11, OT01

DISORDERS OF THE THORAX, ITS ORGANS & FUNCTIONS

| TOP |

Top Ten Points, sorted by descending Citation score ( ADA, Rogers 1999)

Arteries, veins, arteriosclerosis, ischaemia ST36, GB20, BL10, CV06, SP06, GV20, GB21, LV03, GV14, OT05
Blood, body defences, haemorrhage, thymus etc BL17, ST36, BL20, LI04, LI11, CV04, GV14, SP06, CV06, SP10
Bronchi, lung, pneumonia, asthma BL13, CV22, CV17, GV14, LU05, BL12, PC06, LI04, LU07, ST36
Circulation, blood pressure LI11, ST36, LV03, GB20, ST09, PC06, SP06, KI01, CV12, HT07
Cough general BL13, LU05, LU07, ST40, CV22, LU10, GV12, BL12, CV17, GV14
Diaphragm
BL17, PC06, CV12, ST36, CV15, CV17, LV14, GB24, ST13, CV22
Heart, pericardium PC06, HT07, BL15, HT05, PC05, ST36, BL14, PC07, PC04, CV17
Oedema, fluid retention, ascites SP09, CV09, KI07, BL23, ST36, BL20, ST25, SP06, CV05, CV08
Oesophagus PC06, BL17, ST36, LI04, CV17, LI10, BL10, CV12, CV22, BL20
Pleura BL42, BL47, BL43, KI23, ST12, KI22, BL13, BL11, GB22, GB44
Respiratory system (trachea, bronchi, lung, cough, pneumonia, asthma etc) BL13, GV14, CV22, LI04, LU05, LU07, CV17, ST40, BL12, PC06
Thoracic spine, back area GV14, BL40, OT01, GV12, OT05, GV13, X_35, GV09, BL60, OT06
Thorax & back, its organs & functions PC06, BL13, BL17, ST36, LI11, LI04, GV14, GB34, GB20, HT07
Thorax, chest, ribs, sternum GB34, PC06, TH06, BL18, CV17, BL17, LV13, BL14, LV14, BL15
Trachea CV22, ST40, LI04, BL13, LU02, GV14, BL11, LU07, CV17, PC06

DISORDERS OF THE ABDOMEN, BACK & LUMBOSACRAL AREA

| TOP |

Top Ten Points, sorted by descending Citation score ( ADA, Rogers 1999)

Abdomen & back, its organs & functions ST36, SP06, CV12, CV04, BL23, PC06, GB34, CV03, CV06, ST25
Abdomen lower ST36, L_13, SP06, ST25, CV04, LI11, ST37, CV03, SP13, CV06
Abdomen middle, periumbilical area SP14, ST36, ST25, CV06, CV08, CV07, BL23, BL25, GB34, CV04
Abdomen upper, epigastric, hypochondriac area ST36, PC06, CV12, BL21, BL51, GB34, BL23, LV13, LV01, BL18
Anus, tenesmus, prolapse, piles GV01, BL57, GV20, BL32, SP06, BL25, BL31, BL33, BL30, BL34
Coccygeal area BL34, BL40, SI06, BL30, OT01, BL37, X_35, OT05, OT06, BL35
Diarrhoea, dysentery, constipation ST25, ST36, CV04, CV12, SP06, TH06, CV06, BL25, CV08, SP09
Dorso-lumbar spine & area BL40, BL23, X_35, BL60, OT01, BL37, GB30, GV14, OT05, OT06
Gallbladder, bileducts (inflammation, calculi, obstruction etc) BL19, ST36, GB34, L_23, PC06, GV09, GB24, LV03, BL18, GB40
Gastrointestinal tract ST36, ST25, PC06, CV12, CV06, SP06, CV04, BL21, TH06, BL20
Indigestion, inappetance, nausea, vomiting ST36, PC06, CV12, ST25, SP06, CV06, BL21, BL20, SP04, LI04
Inguinal area, groin LV01, SP11, SP12, SP13, ST30, KI11, LV03, LV04, LV06, SP06
Liver (inflammation, calculi, jaundice, acetonaemia etc) BL18, LV03, BL19, GV09, BL20, ST36, LV13, GB34, BL48, SP06
Lowback (lumbo-sacral, renal, sacro-iliac), lumbar, sacral spine BL23, BL40, GB30, BL60, GB34, BL25, BL37, GV04, BL57, BL31
Oedema, fluid retention, ascites SP09, CV09, KI07, BL23, ST36, BL20, ST25, SP06, CV05, CV08
Pain, colic, spasm in abdomen or its organs, peritonitis ST36, CV12, SP06, PC06, CV04, ST25, CV06, BL23, BL21, CV03
Pancreas, diabetes mellitus, hypo- & hyper- glycaemia KI02, CV12, BL23, ST36, SP06, CV04, BL20, BL18, BL17, X_12
Small intestine, appendix, caecum, colon, rectum ST36, ST25, BL25, CV04, L_13, CV12, BL27, PC06, SP15, ST37
Spleen BL20, ST36, LV13, BL51, SP06, CV12, PC06, X_16, LV03, BL22
Stomach & duodenum ST36, CV12, PC06, ST25, BL21, CV13, CV06, BL20, SP04, SP06
Waist, flank area GB34, GB40, BL40, GB30, GB41, ST36, BL23, GB39, LV02, LV13

DISORDERS OF THE LOWBACK, LUMBAR, SACRAL & PELVIC AREA

| TOP |

(For better points, see ADA (Rogers 1999) under back & lumbosacral area, urogenital system)

(see pelvic inflammatory disease also)

 

No. of Citations

Acupoints in Lowback, lumbar, sacral & pelvic area disorders [14 Data Sets]

4-5

BL23, BL40, CV04, GB34, GV04, ST36

2-3

Ashi, BL24, BL25, BL26, BL37, BL54, BL60, CV03, CV06, GB30, GV03, GV09, GV14, KI04, LV01, LV03, SP06, SP09, SP12, ST25, ST30, X_35

1

Animal-Baihui, BL21, BL22, BL34, BL52, BL57, BL62, CV01, CV12, GB28, GB39, GB40, GB41, GV02, KI01, KI03, KI11, KI13, LI04, LU07, LV12, NY04, Shangtun, SI03, SP01, SP04, SP09, SP10, SP11, ST03, ST31, ST32, ST35, ST42, Tianying, Y_14; Scalp Zone Upper-midline-of-occiput, Upper-lateral-line-of-occiput

Protocols to treat lowback, lumbar, sacral, pelvic area & lower limb disorders

Sports endurance, to enhance EAP at ST36 enhanced the endurance of mice; the effect disappeared after adrenalectomy, but not after adrenomedullectomy or orchidectomy. EAP effect is intimately related adrenocortical function but not with medullary or testicular function.

176

Paraplegia, traumatic Patient must empty bladder . Use 1-2 GV points or 1-2 X_35 (Huatojiaji) Points above & below the traumatic level. Needle straight in to 1.5-2.5" deep; lift & thrust the needles slowly & evenly. Using GV points, if sudden sensation of break-through is perceived, or lightening sensation occurs in the external urethral orifice, the anus, & lower extremities, stop needling immediately to avoid spinal cord damage. Add CV04 (or CV03), ST25, BL54, BL37, BL40, BL60, ST31, ST32, ST42, ST36, GB34, GB39. Needle straight in to 1.5-2"; lift & thrust coordinated with twisting-rotating. CV03, CV04 may be selected alternately.

55

Paraplegia, traumatic ST25, CV06, CV04; dredge the GV Channel: 9 needles, 26 gauge, bracketing the transection level (upper border: one spinous process above segment of injury; lower border: at spinous process of L5, & midpoint of GV Channel points & X_35. Get Deqi. GV / X_35 Deqi should go down below the paralysed level. Deqi from ST25 & CV points should go to groin & pudenda. Spinal cord injury: reinforce lightly. Cauda equina injury: reinforce - reduce evenly. Then inject 0.5-6 ml Flos Carthami, Radix Salivae Miltiorrhizae, Vit. etc. /point at SP10, ST36, BL57, GB34 every 2 d. Alternate the points.

168

Pain, sprain in lumbar area BL40; point pricking blood therapy via a three-edged needle.

262

Pain, Back sprain, acute AP upper middle line of occiput & upper-lateral line of occiput. Treat daily, 1-5 times

56

Pain, Back sprain, acute BL40-Weizhong, also called Xuexi (Blood Xi) is BL He Point; may be bled to Clear the Blood & Drain Heat.

177

Pain in sciatic area AP BL54

296

Pain in sciatic area Needle GB30 toward the perineum to 3" deep & GB34->SP09 to 2.5-3" deep. Get Deqi to go down the legs. Use EAP, continuous wave, with positive electrode at Ashi. Add 250 W infrared lamp to irradiate skin from distance of 15-20 cm, 20 min once/d, 10 times/course, with 4-5 d between courses.

337

Pain in pubis EAP + aromatic oil-massage at bilateral SP04, 20 min, 5 Hz, to tolerance + LI04 + ST30, 70 Hz, weak stimulation. In earlier sessions, add KI01; later add Ashi, ST35, KI13, KI04, GB28, ST03 or LV12, SP12. Knead muscles in pain areas. Manipulate / massage the loin & back (BL21-BL26).

163

Pain in pelvis (see Pelvic inflammatory disease also) NY04-Tito (Lift & Support, 3-4" lateral to CV04)

227

Pain in lumbar area as sequel to abdominal oviductal ligation CV01, CV04, CV06, GV04, LV01, LV03, KI03, KI04, SP01, SP06, SP09, LU07, BL23, BL25. Consider moxa at KI03, LU07, CV04. Neon-Laser for 1-2 min/point.

273

Pain in lowback, lumbago with KI Xu CV03, CV06, BL23, BL24, BL52

369

Pain in lowback, lumbago GB41, BL62

391

Pain in flank / groin in postherpetic neuralgia AP to 3 cm deep at Ashi points such as BL25, BL26 & Shangtun. Moxa at BL23, BL25. Treat 2-6 times. [Rogers: results poor if treatment is left to late stages].

281

Pain control in surgery of feet, legs & in cases of intractable pain EAP at 0.5-50 Hz via AP needles in the epidural space at GV04 & caudal (? Lumbosacral - Animal Baihui ) space

251

Pain control (whole body) in major surgery in dogs (craniotomy, open reduction & pinning for femoral fracture, ear cropping) EAP at bilateral ST36, GB34 when animals in dorsal or ventral recumbency; bilateral ST36, GB34 or SP09 when in lateral recumbency.

388

Lumbosacral disorders, acroparaesthesia (abnormal sensation of extremities), sacral & pelvic limb nerve injuries & motor dysfunction Lie patient face-up; insert 2 long (3.5") needles vertically at Y_14-Yijing (Spermatorrhoea, 1" lateral to CV04); twist & advance needles obliquely towards midline to depth of 2.5-3" until Deqi comes.

315

Lumbar acute sprain SI03 is Jiao of the 8 Extra Channels; it arises at the perineum.

320

Disorders of lowback, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal, pelvic & inguinal area BL40, BL23, SP06, GB30, BL37, GB34, ST36, X_35, BL34, BL60, CV12, GB40, LV01, SP11, SP12, CV03, CV04, GV04, KI11, LV03, ST30

248

ABDOMINAL DISORDERS

| TOP |

(For better points, see ADA (Rogers 1999) under abdomen & urogenital; check for disorders of specific organs also)

Apart from more specific symptoms, patients with reproductive, psychosexual or genital problems often have other abdominal signs. These include anorexia, colic, constipation, diarrhoea, digestive upsets, distension, dysentery, gastrointestinal disorders, jaundice, liver disorders, loose stool, malnutrition, nausea, night-crying in children, pain (organic, referred, post-operative), poor stamina & vomiting. AP can help to control these symptoms & address the underlying causes. For effective points for those symptoms, see ADA. In TCM, SP Xu may cause anorexia, loose stool, bodily heaviness, cold limbs, tendency for prolapse of the rectum or vagina and insomnia.

No. of Citations

Acupoints in Abdominal Disorders [15 Data Sets]

3-5

PC06, ST36

2

CV01, CV08, ST37, SP09

1

Animal-Baihui, BL58, CV03, CV04, CV06, CV12, CV17, GB34, GV01, GV04, HT07, KI04, LI11, Perianal-Points, SP04, SP06, ST25, ST44, Y_14

 

The following protocols for abdominal disorders are secondary or supplementary to those used in reproductive, psychosexual or genital disorders. Better points & protocols for specific abdominal disorders are covered in ADA.

Abdominal diseases, anorexia, colic, diarrhoea, distension, dysentery, jaundice, malnutrition, night-crying esp in children Drug compress at CV08 - fill umbilicus with drug powder, paste or cake; apply drug plaster

353

Colic, night crying of babies moxa, hot-rubbing, kneading, medicine plasters at CV08 + other points, as indicated.

361

Constipation (atonic or spastic) LI11, ST37

391

Constipation of Xu Type KI04 + BL58

204

Diarrhoea, dysentry moxa, hot-rubbing, kneading, medicine plasters at CV08 + other points, as indicated.

361

Digestive / gastrointestinal / liver disorders; diarrhoea before dawn Lie patient face-up; insert 2 long (3.5") needles vertically at Y_14-Yijing (Spermatorrhoea, 1" lateral to CV04); twist & advance needles obliquely towards midline to depth of 2.5-3" until Deqi comes.

315

Epigastric pains ST36

15

Faecal incontinence: GV01, CV01 & Perianal Points. Retain 20-30 min, once every 1-2 d, for 10 times/course, for 3-5 courses.

7

First-aid in asthma, circulatory disorders, vomiting & pain CV17 (level with 4th intercostal space, 1.6" below CV18 at the pouch between the breasts). Needle with the tip downward along the skin.

394

Gastrointestinal / digestive system, stomachache, gastroptosis, vomiting, diarrhea ST36, ST25, CV12, ST37, ST44

131

Gastrointestinal disorderss moxa, hot-rubbing, kneading, medicine plasters at CV08 + other points, as indicated.

361

Malnutrition in children moxa, hot-rubbing, kneading, medicine plasters at CV08 + other points, as indicated.

361

Nausea & vomiting in pregnancy, peri- or post-operatively, or induced by chemotherapy, or after epidural morphine AP, EAP or acupressure at PC06 for 5-10 min, four times/d.

6

Nausea, vomiting prevention after laparoscopy PC06

111

Navel disorders moxa, hot-rubbing, kneading, medicine plasters at CV08 + other points, as indicated.

361

Oedema moxa, hot-rubbing, kneading, medicine plasters at CV08 + other points, as indicated.

361

Pain control (whole body) in major surgery in dogs (ovariohysterectomy, laparotomy, tracheotomy, thoracotomy, splenectomy, nephrectomy, umbilical hernioplasty) EAP at bilateral ST36, GB34 when animals in dorsal or ventral recumbency; bilateral ST36, GB34 or SP09 when in lateral recumbency.

388

Pain control in surgery of the lower abdomen, & in cases of intractable pain EAP at 0.5-50 Hz via AP needles in the epidural space at GV04 & caudal (? Lumbosacral - Animal Baihui ) space

251

SP Xu (anorexia, loose stool) CV01, CV03, CV06, SP06, SP09, ST36, SP04, PC06, HT07

369

 

DISORDERS OF THE UROGENITAL SYSTEM
| TOP |

Top Ten Points for urogenital disorders, pregnancy, parturition menopause & male disorders, sorted by descending Citation score ( ADA, Rogers 1999)

Genitalia external & pubic area (male & female) CV04, CV03, SP06, LV08, CV07, LV04, LV12, CV01, LV02, LV01
Genitalia female & reproduction SP06, CV04, GV04, CV06, SP10, CV03, GB26, BL32, LV03, ST36
Genitalia male SP06, CV03, CV04, ST29, BL32, BL33, BL34, LV01, BL31, LV04
Menopause: general points for flushes & menopausal problems ST36, SP06, CV04, LI04, PC06, GB21, CV03, SP10, LV14, CV05
Menstrual cycle, contraception SP06, CV04, CV03, CV06, SP10, ST36, BL23, LV03, BL32, BL33
Parturition SP06, LI04, BL67, BL60, BL32, LV03, BL31, ST36, SP09, BL62
Postpartum disorders SP06, GV20, CV04, Y_16, CV02, LV01, CV03, CV07, Y_18, CV06
Pregnancy: disorders of BL67, ST36, PC06, LV03, SP04, SP06, BL18, CV17, CV12, KI21
Pregnancy: forbidden/abortion points SP06, LI04, BL67, BL60, LV03, BL32, ST36, CV04, CV03, BL31
Reproduction male (impotence, spermatorrhoea etc) SP06, CV04, BL23, CV03, CV06, BL32, GV04, BL33, BL31, ST36
Urinary tract & functions SP06, BL23, BL28, CV03, CV04, CV06, KI03, SP09, CV02, BL32
Urogenital (general disorders) SP06, CV04, BL23, CV03, CV06, BL28, KI03, BL32, ST36, SP09

 

DISORDERS OF THE PERINEUM
| TOP |
(see penis, prostate also)

No. of Citations

Acupoints in perineal disorders [10 Data Sets]

4-8

SP06, ST36

2

BL30, BL31, BL32, BL33, BL34, CV02, CV03, CV04, GB27, GB28, GV01, GV20, KI12, LV03, ST27, ST30

1

BL13, BL18, BL19, BL20, BL23, BL25, BL52, BL57, BL62, CV01, CV06, CV08, CV17, GB40, GB43, GV04, HT07, KI03, KI06, KI07, KI11, LV01, LV02, LV05, LV08, LV10, Peri-incisional-points, SP01, SP02, SP03, SP09, SP10, SP12, Y_17, Z_03; Earpoints Internal Anaesthesia Point, Shenmen, Sympathy

Protocols to treat perineal disorders

Anus, tenesmus, prolapse, piles GV01, BL57, GV20, BL32, SP06, BL25, BL31, BL33, BL30, BL34

248

APA for inguinal hernia herniorrhaphy in children (A) SP06, Internal Anaesthesia Point, GB27->GB28, ST27->CV02; (B) ST36, Earpoint Shenmen->Sympathy, GB27->GB28, ST27->CV02. Induction time should be >20 min. Give sedative before operation & small dose of local anaesthetic.

413

Inguinal hernia APA & wound repair EAPA at SP06 bilateral + peri-incisional points. Continuous wave.

50

Inguinal hernia in infant To raise Yuanqi, AP LV03, LV05, SP12 on left side. After needle withdrawal, apply Frutus Foeniculi to CV08.

355

Perineum, disorders BL32, GV01, BL31, BL30, BL33, BL34, LV01, LV10, SP06, ST36

248

Perineum, pain Y_17-Changyi-Intestinal Remnant (2.5" lateral to CV03)

227

Perineum, pain, postpartum or postoperative AP CV03, CV04 & KI12 obliquely to the direction of pubic symphysis; get Deqi to vulva. Use even manipulation (twist-twirl). Reinforce-reduce (lift-thrust) at ST36 & SP06. Perineal pain, or after perineal surgery: Add LV03; reduce (lift-thrust). Retain 30 min, once/d.

205

Perineum, pain, trauma AP SP06, ST36, LV03, CV06, CV04, KI11->ST30. Get Deqi to reach the pelvis. Cold Syndrome, to boost KI-yin: BL23, CV04, BL18, BL19, LV02, LV03, LV08, GB43, GB40; Damp Syndrome, to boost SP: SP02, SP03, BL20; Psychic factors: GV20, Z_03, CV17, HT07; Climacteric patient with KI-Yin Xu: BL23, CV04, GV04; KI-Yang Xu: GV04, CV04, BL52, SP10, CV06, ST36, BL20, BL18, BL13; Puerperal patient: LV03, LV08, KI07, SP02, SP10, SP06, CV04; rupture of perineum, episiotomy pain: CV06, CV04, KI11, SP01, BL62; trauma of perineum by masturbation or anal coition: KI03, KI07, add KI12, BL23, GV04, CV04 for contracted vagina pain & Extra points near CV03 for clitoris pain.

241

Perineum, pruritus CV04, SP06 - EAP + moxa

312

Perineum, pruritus chronic CV03, CV01 +/- ST30, LV03, KI06, SP09, SP06; 1-7 courses (mean 2 courses).

128

 

URINARY DISORDERS
| TOP |
(For better points, see ADA (Rogers 1999) under urinary disorders)

Uropathies include disorders of the kidney, ureter, bladder & urethra; inflammation, infection, urolithiasis; dysuria, urination urgency & frequency, urinary incontinence, retention, urination during coitus. See ejaculation disorders also. Problems of urinary function often have a psychological component. See the importance of the emotions in TCM.

No. of Citations

Acupoints in urinary disorders [69 Data Sets]

16-33

BL23, CV03, CV04, SP06

10-13

BL28, BL32, CV06, ST36

6-9

BL54, CV02, CV05, GV04, GV20, SP09; Earpoints BL, KI, Shenmen

3-5

Ashi, BL18, BL17, BL20, BL21, BL22, BL24, BL25, BL29, BL31, BL33, CV08, HT07, KI03, PC06, ST29; Earpoint Brain

1-2

BL11, BL12, BL13, BL14, BL15, BL16, BL19, BL26, BL27, BL30, BL34, BL35, BL39, BL40, BL64, CV01, CV07, CV09, CV10, CV12, CV13, Enuresis area, GB20, GB34, GV01, GV11, H_17-Nocturia Points, HT05, KI01, KI04, KI06, KI10 ,KI11, KI12, L_09, LU07, LV01, LV03, LV08, LV09, LV11, SP10, ST28, Symptom Points, TH06, X_29, X_35 (esp lumbosacral), Y_14, Yeniao, Yeniaodian, Z_01; [Local Points better than Distant]; Scalp Zones Foot-Motor-Sensory, Midline of Vertex, Motor-Area; Earpoints LU, SP, Subcortex, Ureter, Urethra / Endocrine, HT, Support, Sympathetic, TH, Yeniao-Enuresis

 

Protocols to treat urinary disorders

Ascites, oedema, incontinence, retention etc. X_35 near BL18, BL23, BL32

340

Bladder disorders & to increase urine output EAP at BL23 + Earpoint Subcortex

22

Bladder dysfunction in diabetes Xu of true Ying, Xu of Qi in LU & KI: CV06 (moxa), LU07, KI06, ST28 (or) BL35, BL29, BL39. Reinforce. Xu of true Ying, Xu of KI Yang: add moxa at GV04, BL23, CV04. Tonify by lift-thrust, twist-twirl. Use long needles at BL35 & BL29 to get Deqi to lower abdomen & perineum. Moxa 5 min/point, every 2 d; alternate the two groups of points, 10 times/course, 1-3 courses.

419

Bladder dysfunction, enuresis, retention BL32

411

Bladder instability in cerebral infarction / embolism AP to reinforce at Z_01, SP06, CV04, CV03, BL32, BL23. Get Deqi from CV04 & CV03 to vulva, & from SP06 & BL32 to pudenda. Retain 30 min, & manipulate 2 times. Treat once/d, 10 times/course, with 3-d interval between courses, 1-3 courses

362

Bladder instability, enuresis SP06, SP10, CV04. EAP at BL23, BL28, CV04, & KI03. Treat once/wk, 1-9 times.

223

Bladder neurogenic in spinal cord injury EAP at CV03, CV04 + bilateral BL32 + conventional intermittent catheterization program (ICP) for 30-70 d. The sooner started the better, preferably <3 wk after injury.

57

Bladder overactive, urge-incontinence, urgency, lack of sphincter control Needle BL33 bilaterally 50-60 mm deep; twirl 10 min, 4-12 (mean 7) sessions.

150

Dysuria GV20, GV11, GV04 + BL54. Retain 20-30 min, once every 1-2 d, 10 times/course, 3-5 courses.

7

Dysuria KI04 + BL64

204

Dysuria moxa, hot-rubbing, kneading, medicine plasters at CV08 + other points, as indicated.

361

Enuresis X_35. Retain 20-30 min, once every 1-2 d, 10 times/course, 3-5 courses.

7

Enuresis (A) HT07, ST36, SP06, CV03 / BL23, BL28, BL32; alternate every 2 d, for 5-15 times. B) Micromassage at H_17-Nocturia-Point (in creases between phalanges 1-2 & 2-3 of finger 5; parent repeats treatment every night0 min,5-25 d. AP is better but home micromassage helps, esp. in little children who reject AP

16

Enuresis Acuinjection of 0.05% atropine sulphate or scopolamine hydrobromide at bilateral SP09 & SP06, once every 1-2 d. Add Earpoints LU, SP, KI, Shenmen & BL. Treat 1-2 times/wk. Deqi closely related to result.

30

Enuresis KI-Yang Xu + dysfunction of BL:CV04, SP06, PC06, GB34. Twirl reinforce-reduce; retain 15 min. Treat as needed (3-15 times).SP-Xu + Qi disturbed in Middle-Jiao: BL20, ST36, GV20, CV03, BL28. Twirl, reinforce-reduce; retain 15 min. Treat 8-16 times.

52

Enuresis Laser-AP at CV04, SP06 & Yeniaodian (EX) + CV03.

73

Enuresis EAP high frequency continuous wave at CV06, CV04 + ST36 & SP06. Long needle from CV06->CV04 to CV03 until Deqi spreads to external genitalia; retain for 30 min. Treat once/d, 10-15 d/course, with 3-5 d between courses, if needed.

74

Enuresis In TCM, enuresis is due to dysfunction of LV, SP, KI, CV, TH, SI & BL. Sterilise skin; insert 32 gauge needles rapidly at CV04 (Mu of SI & Jiao LV, SP, KI + CV) & SP06 (Jiao of LV, KI, SP); use moderate stimulation until Deqi; retain 20-30 min. Treat twice/wk, 10 times/course.

89

Enuresis CV04, SP06, SP09

131

Enuresis Needle CV04 obliquely downward 1-2"; moderate manipulation to tolerance until Deqi reaches perineum. Needle SP06 bilateral until patient feels contracting sensation over toes. Moxa each point for 10-15 min after needle retained for 30 min. Treat once/d, 2 wk/course.

133

Enuresis AP BL23, BL54 + CV03 once/d. Then massage - use thumb, index & middle finger to knead skin from BL28 / BL34 area to BL11 / GV14 area three times. On pass 2, pinch skin up forcefully at BL31-BL34, BL23 & BL15. On pass 3 massage BL23 + BL31-BL34, 30 times. Then snatch up the CV / KI area from CV06-CV04 with all 5 fingers of right hand & shake several times; repeat 5 times. This worked fast where simple AP had failed.

134

Enuresis Scalp AP at Motor Area + AP at SP06 or SP09 + long needle at CV04-CV03 or CV06-CV04, alternated.

139

Enuresis if due to Wind-Cold: BL12-Fengmen-Wind Door

170

Enuresis BL40-Weizhong, also called Xuexi (Blood Xi) is BL He Point; may be bled to Clear the Blood & Drain Heat.

177

Enuresis Clip & shave head at GV20; sterilise skin; inject 1.0-1.5 ml of 2% local anaesthetic; embed 2 mm thread at GV20. Press wound to stop bleeding & cover with gauze for 3 d. Repeat every 30 d. Usually 1-2 treatments were needed.

180

Enuresis After negative patch test, sterilise area between CV02 & CV08. Inject 1-1.5 ml 0.5% procaine/point at 4-5 points from CV03, CV04, CV05, CV06, CV07.Treat every 2 d.

182

Enuresis AP CV04, GB20, Z_01 +/- CV06, ST29, SP06. Use 3-4 points/d; reinforce; retain 30 min (manipulate every 5-10 min). Vaccaria Seeds at Earpoints Shenmen, KI, BL, Ureter, HT, Subcortex, branch, Brain & Yiniao-Enuresis. Press 3 min/time, 3-4 times/d. Alternate ears every 3 d. Moxa CV06, CV02, ST29, SP06, GV04, 5-10 min/point, once/d, 10 d/course. Use all 3 methods simultaneously for 2 courses

193

Enuresis Due to Xu of KI, SP, LU & TH. SP06 & CV03; KI Xu: add BL23, GV04, BL28, KI03, KI01, CV06; Xu of SP & LU: try moxa first at BL13, BL20 +/- ST36, SP09 & CV09; if ineffective, use AP. Other sympptoms: +/- HT07, LV03, LV08 & TH06. CHM also good.

203

Enuresis Inject 1 mg atropine at bilateral SP06

206

Enuresis inject 2 ml of placenta extract/point slowly at CV04, BL23 + 1 ml of Radix Angelicae Sinensis solution at ST36 every 2 d, 20-30 times.

287

Enuresis (A) HT05, CV04, KI03; (B) CV06, BL20, GV04; (C) SP06, CV03, BL28; alternate the groups. Treat 10 times/course.

309

Enuresis CV03, CV04, CV05, LV08, LV09, SP06, Ashi. Insert fast & twist; withdraw slow; get Deqi to perineum or penis; retain 30 min & manipulate once/10 min. Treat once/d, 2-10 times.

311

Enuresis Earpoints KI, BL, Urethra, Brain, Exciting Point, & Endocrine (all bilateral). Press Vaccaria Seeds 2-3 times/d until ear feels sore & distended. Change seeds every 4 d.

314

Enuresis (A) Simple Scalp-AP at bilateral Foot-Motor-Sensory Areas; EAP for 20 min every 2 d in mild & early cases. Treat 10 times/course. (B) Same + CHM, for example, "Suoquanwan" ("Reducing Enuresis Pills") or other drugs based on the Differentiation of Syndromes in more severe or chronic cases; oral meclifenoxane was used in some.

316

Enuresis Earpoint injection of 0.2 ml (100 ug or 250 ug) of Vitamin B12/point at bilateral Earpoints KI & BL, 2-3 times/wk, 5 times/course, with an interval of 1 wk between courses.

327

Enuresis Patient must empty bladder. Then AP CV04 straight in to 0.5-1" deep, depending on body build. Get Deqi to go to genitalia. Needle GV20 horizontally & anteriorly; retain 30 min at both points; reduce-reinforce evenly every 5 min. Treat once/d; usually 1-2 sessions usually cured the case.

358

Enuresis moxa, hot-rubbing, kneading, medicine plasters at CV08 + other points, as indicated.

361

Enuresis CV03, SP06, BL23, BL32, BL28

364

Enuresis In session 1, AP Yeniao alone; later, alternate with CV06, CV04, CV03, SP06, using strong stimulation. retain 20-30 min; manipulate every 5-10 min, 7-10 times/course.

366

Enuresis AP CV06, ST29, CV03.

367

Enuresis Insert 3" 28 gauge needle at BL29-1 (0.5" lateral to BL29) at 60 deg to the skin inferiorly through gluteus maximus & greater sciatic foramen; get heavy & tense feeling under the tip of needle. Continue to rotate until Deqi goes to lower abdomen & perineum. Retain 20-25 min.

412

Enuresis KI Xu: BL23-BL26, BL27-BL35, CV01-CV06, CV12, GV20, SP06, BL23, BL32 & Ashi. Xu of both SP & KI: BL15-BL34, Ashi, CV03-CV06, ST36 & PC06. Use percussopuncture. Results best in KI Xu.

421

Enuresis in children ST36

15

Enuresis in children AP + DDAVP for 6-10 wk is best

32

Enuresis in children AP middle line of vertex; retain intermittently for 2 h, 15 times/course for 2 courses

56

Enuresis in children He-Ne laser-AP at CV01, CV03, SP06 + ST36, GV20, or Ashi points +/- symptomatic points. Take two main points, 5 min/point + 4-6 other points once/d, 10 times/course.

113

Enuresis in children CV04, SP06, ST36, LV03 +/- HT07, PC06, BL23. Also get parents to press, massage or needle CV04 & SP06.

118

Enuresis in children AP point cautery with 25% silver nitrate.

152

Enuresis in children Laser-AP at CV04, CV03, CV06, SP06, GV20. Results as good as with traditional AP & children accept Laser better than needles.

243

Enuresis in children Press at Vaccaria Seeds on Earpoints Brain, BL, KI, Support & Shenmen +/- LU, SP, & TH. Apply every 2 d on alternate ears for 5 times/course, 1-3 courses, as needed. Most cases improved from d 1.

266

Enuresis in children CV01, CV03 & SP06; Loss of appeptite: add ST36; Urinary frequency: add Enuresis Area; Occult spina bifida: add Ashi. Laser for 5 min/point, for 10 times/course, 1-3+ courses, with 10 d between courses.

348

Enuresis nocturna GV04, BL31, BL32, CV03 & KI12. Yin Types (enuresis in deep sleep; large amounts or often nightly) are mostly Xu of LV & LU, LV & SP, LU & LV, & SP & LV, frequent enuresis being mainly LV Xu. Yang Type (just before wake-up in the morning, usually in dream) are mostly LU Xu & LV Shi or SP Xu & LV Shi; this kind of nocturia can be cured fast, sometimes after several sessions. In LV Syndrome besides AP at BL17 & BL18, reduce misaligned lumbar vertebrae & sacroiliac joints. SP Syndrome: AP at CV13, CV12 & CV10 to regulate changes of the appetite. Moxa at points GV04 & CV03 & L_09-Nuxi. Avoid pain & overuse of AP in children.

216

Enuresis, dysuria AP bilateral BL54 until Deqi goes to genitals; retain 30 min. Treat every 2 d, for 10 times/course for 1-2 courses.

400

Kidney dysfunction, glomerulonephritis, to increase filtration rate & urine flow Electric heating pad at 42 degC to back over BL21-BL25 area.

300

Kidney failure, anuria CV04, SP06, CV03

131

Urinary disorders CV04 & SP06

131

Urinary disorders (kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra), urination urgency & frequency Lie patient face-up; insert 2 long (3.5") needles vertically at Y_14-Yijing (Spermatorrhoea, 1" lateral to CV04); twist & advance needles obliquely towards midline to depth of 2.5-3" until Deqi comes.

315

Urinary disorders (kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra), urolithiasis Patient must empty bladder. Insert 3-4" needle at CV02 straight into the skin & subcutaneous tissues, then angle forward obliquely at 45-60 degrees, slowly, into space between pubic symphysis & bladder. Advance slowly until clear resistance occurs when tip is circa 3" deep. Get strong Deqi by slow gentle thrusting & rotating of small amplitude

336

Urinary frequency, urgency & dysuria AP SP06, but continue longterm treatment, otherwise relapses are common

38

Urinary incontinence / dribbling: CV03, KI11 + SP06. Retain 20-30 min, once every 1-2 d, 10 times/course, 3-5 courses.

7

Urinary incontinence in children, urinary retention postpartum Drug compress at CV08 - fill umbilicus with drug powder, paste or cake; apply drug plaster

353

Urinary incontinence, to tonify urethral sphincter EAP 30 min at lower legs (? SP06) & lower abdomen (? CV03)

158

Urinary incontinence, to tonify urethral sphincter, urinary frequency, urgency & dysuria AP SP06, but continue longterm treatment, otherwise relapses are common

38

Urinary infection GV01, GV04, BL23. Inject mixture of Vit B1 (2 ml) & Vit B12 (2ml), 1 ml/point.

350

Urinary retention AP BL54 bilateral; retain needles for 20 min. Then use spear- & hooked- needle to cut GV04, Yaoqi (X_29-Lower Back 'Miscellany', in GV line between left & right BL32) & BL31-34. Treat daily until improved.

265

Urinary retention Insert 3" 28 gauge needle at BL29-1 (0.5" lateral to BL29) at 60 deg to the skin inferiorly through gluteus maximus & greater sciatic foramen; get heavy & tense feeling under the tip of needle. Continue to rotate until Deqi goes to lower abdomen & perineum. Retain 20-25 min.

412

Urinary retention & dysuria in traumatic paraplegia AP Local points CV03, BL32 + BL28 was better than at Distant points SP06, SP09 + KI10 for contractile function of BL. At CV03 get Deqi to spread to perineum. Needle BL32 to 3" deep; other points to 1-1.2" deep; reinforce-reduce mildly until Deqi; retain 30 min & twist for 1 min before removal.

267

Urinary retention postoperative AP BL32 + BL33 + SP06

100

Urinary retention postpartum AP BL54

296

Urinary retention postpartum Needle SP06 & ST36 on the right side to 1" deep, with moderate stimulation; retain 30 min, twice/d. Expect 100% success in 1-4 sessions.

359

Urinary retention postpartum Lie patient face-up. Needle SP06 to 1-1.5" deep; reduce (lift-thrust-twist). Get Deqi to toes & thigh / perineum. Stimulate several times, then retain 15-20 min, with 1-2 manipulations in that time.

407

urinary retention, dysuria postpartum AP CV03, CV04 & KI12 obliquely to the direction of pubic symphysis; get Deqi to vulva. Use even manipulation (twist-twirl). Reinforce-reduce (lift-thrust) at ST36 & SP06. Retain 30 min, once/d.

205

Urinary tract & functions SP06, BL23, BL28, CV03, CV04, CV06, KI03, SP09, CV02, BL32

248

Urinary urgency, dysuria, frequency AP SP06; effect temporary; must be repeated longterm to maintain effect.

39

Urination during copulation (see ejaculation disorders) AP CV02, BL32, LV11 + moxa at LV01, CV08 every 2-3 d, 10 times/course. Cases need 3-47 times.

404

Urolithiasis EAP at Earpoints KI, Ureter, BL, Urethra. Add Shenmen, Sympathetic in severe pain. Combine with EAP on body points for 2-3 min, 10 times/d for 1 mo.

33

Urolithiasis, KI colic X_35 near BL23, BL24

340

Uroschesis CV06, CV04, GV20, BL54, ST29; insert 5-6" needle slowly from BL54->ST29; twist gently until Deqi goes to the perineum & urethra; reduce by twisting-rotating. Needle CV06, CV04 to 3-4" deep; reinforce by twisting-rotating; reinforce by twisting-rotating at GV20. Treat once/d for 2-6 times; do not retain.

368

URINARY INCONTINENCE, RETENTION, URINATION DURING COITUS
| TOP |
(see urinary disorders, ejaculation disorders also)

See previous section for protocols to treat urinary incontinence, retention, urination during coitus. See ADA also. Urinary incontinence often has a psychological component. See the importance of the emotions in TCM.

No. of Citations

Acupoints in urinary incontinence, retention, or urination in coitus [52 Data Sets]

20-30

CV03, CV04, SP06,

8-12

BL23, BL28, BL32, CV06, ST36

3-6

Ashi, BL17, BL18, BL20, BL29, BL31, BL33, BL34, BL54, CV01, CV02, CV05, CV08, GV04, GV20, HT07, PC06, SP09, ST29; Earpoints BL, KI / Shenmen / Brain

1-2

BL11, BL12, BL13, BL14, BL15, BL16, BL19, BL21, BL22, BL24, BL25, BL26, BL27, BL30, BL35, BL40, CV07, CV09, CV10, CV12, CV13, GB20, GB34, H_17-Nocturia Points, HT05, KI01, KI03, KI10, KI11, KI12, L_09, LV03, LV08, LV09, Symptom-points, TH06, X_29, X_35, Yeniao, Yeniaodian, Z_01; Scalp Zone Enuresis Area, Foot-Motor-Sensory, Midline of Vertex, Motor Area; Earpoints LU, SP / Endocrine, HT, Subcortex, Support, TH, Ureter, Urethra, Yeniao-Enuresis

 

DISORDERS OF THE PELVIC LIMB
| TOP |

Top Ten Points, sorted by descending Citation score ( ADA, Rogers 1999)

Ankle, tarsus BL60, ST41, KI03, GB39, GB40, SP06, BL57, OT01, ST36, SP05
Buttock GB30, BL36, OT01, ST36, BL23, BL54, BL37, OT05, BL40, BL60
Hip GB30, GB34, GB29, GB31, BL40, BL60, OT01, GB39, ST36, LV08
Knee, popliteal GB34, BL40, L_16, ST35, SP09, ST36, ST34, LV08, OT01, GB31
Leg, calf BL57, GB34, ST36, SP06, BL40, GB30, BL60, GB39, ST32, LV03
Metatarsal, foot BL60, KI03, LV03, SP06, BL57, ST41, GB39, OT01, ST42, GB41
Pelvic limb, its organs & functions GB34, ST36, GB30, SP06, BL60, BL40, BL57, GB39, GB31, KI03
Tarsal-metatarsal GB41, OT01, ST41, OT05, BL59, KI06, GB40, BL60, SP05, KI03
Thigh, femur GB30, GB31, GB34, LV08, ST36, BL23, LV11, BL40, BL37, SP06

GENERAL CONDITIONS
| TOP |

Top Ten Points, sorted by descending Citation score ( ADA, Rogers 1999)

Analgesia, pain control (general) LI04, ST36, LI11, TH05, OT05, SP06, LV03, GB34, A_22, GB38
Chills GV14, ST36, LI04, GV16, BL40, HT06, GB25, LI11, TH04, BL12
Fevers GV14, LI11, LI04, PC05, BL40, GV13, A_01, PC09, LI01, LU10
Immunity, to boost ST36, LI04, GV14, SP06, LI11, CV04, BL18, BL19, BL23, CV06
Muscle, tendon, soft tissues (general) OT05, OT01, GB34, ST36, OT06, LI04, LV03, LI11, SP06, OT0
Skin problems LI11, LI04, SP10, SP06, ST36, BL40, GV14, OT05, BL13, GB20
Sweating problems KI07, LI04, HT06, SI03, SP02, LV02, LU08, LU10, LU11, GV14
Tonic effects ST36, CV06, CV04, BL43, BL20, PC06, BL23, LI04, SP06, LI11

 

Introduction | "Female" | "Male" | Similar organs or conditions | Urinary & General
Keywords | Abstracts | Main Page | Fast Find a Formula | Top