THE GAME

A: TYPES. Four-wall handball may be played by two or four players. When played by two it is called 'singles' and when played by four, 'doubles'.
B: DESCRIPTION. Handball, as the name implies, is a competitive game in which either hand may be used to serve and return the ball.
C: OBJECTIVE. The objective is to win each rally by serving or returning the ball so the opponent is unable to keep the ball in play. A serve or rally is won when a side is unable to return the ball to the front wall before it touches the floor twice.
D: POINTS AND HANDOUTS. Points are scored by the serving side when it serves an ace or wins a rally. When the serving side loses a rally it loses the serve. Losing the serve is called a 'handout'.
E: GAME. A game is won by the side first scoring 21 points.
F: MATCH.
(a) A match is won by the side first winning two games.
(b) In the case of a match played on a time basis the player or side with the highest score at the end of the specified time is the winner. If, however, the rules of any competition state that extra time must be played in the event of a tie, the match must continue without an interval after a toss a coin for service has been made.
(c) In team competitions a toss of a coin for service is made before each match.
(d) Substitution is not allowed during a match.

COURT AND EQUIPMENT.

A. COURT. The specifications for the standard four-wall courts are:

1. Dimensions:

(a) International Court: The dimensions are: 2Oft wide. 20ft high and 40ft long with back wall recommended minimum height of 12 ft.
(b) Irish Court: The dimensions are 30 ft wide, 27

B. BALL

1. International Spectifications: The specifications for the standard handball are:

(a) Material: The material should be rubber or synthetic material.
(b) Colour: Colour is optional.
(c) Size: 1.875 inch diameter with 1 /32 inch variation
(d) Weight: 2.3 ounces, with a variation of 0 2 ounces
(e) Rebound: Rebound from freefall 70 inch drop to a hardwood floor is 46 to 50 inches at a temperature of 68 degrees F.

2. The Specifications for the Standard 60 x 30 balls are:

(a) Hardball: The standard hardball shall be made of suitable windings of rubber and yarn covered with goatskin or other suitable hide. It shall have a centre of lancewood or cork. It shall not be less than 1 13/16 inches and not more than 1 15/16 inches in diameter. It shall be not less than 1 1 /2 ounces nor more than 1 3/4 ounces in weight. It shall have a rebound of not less than 2 1/2 ft. nor more than 3 1/2 ft. when dropped from a height of 8 ft on to a concrete floor.
(b) Softball: The standard softball shall be made of best grade rubber. The ball shall be not less than 2.2 inches nor more than 2.25 inches in diameter and shall weigh not less than 61 grammes and not more than 62 grammes. The ball shall have a rebound of not less than 67 inches and not more than 70 inches when dropped from a height of 100 inches on to a concrete floor.
(c) Selection: A ball must be selected by the referee for use in each match. During a game the referee has the authority to change balls if he deems it necessary. It's the referee's decision, not the players.

C. GLOVES

1. Handball may not be played barehanded in the 40 x 20 court. Gloves must be worn. Gloves are optional in the 60 x 30 court.
2. Style: Gloves must be light in colour and made of a soft leather, and form fitting. The fingers of the gloves may not be webbed, connected or removed. 3.Foreign Substances: No foreign substance, tape or rubber bands shall be used on the fingers or the palms of the hand inside the glove. Metal or hard substances should not be worn on the hand under the glove. For sensitive, bruised or sore hands, surgical gause or tape may be wrapped around the palm of hand with or without thin foam rubber for protective purposes.
4. Wet Gloves: The gloves must be changed when they become sufficiently wet to moisten the ball. This is the referee's decision. It is the player's responsibility to have an ample supply of dry gloves for each match.

D. PLAYING ATTIRE.

1. In all championship, league and other official matches each player is required continuously to wear a singlet or T-shirt bearing the colours of the county as registered with the GAA, togs, shoes and socks. In doubles matches partners must be similarly attired. i.e. both singlets, togs and socks should match. Failure to comply with this rule will involve a fine which must be paid before the county may continue to compete in official competitions or championships.
2. Wet Shirts: Referee may request wet shirt or gloves to be changed. Players shall have ample supply of dry shirts and gloves.

OFFICIALS AND OFFICIATING

Al. FIXTURES.

All fixtures under the control of Comhairle Liathroid Laimhe na hEireann shall be managed by its appointed officials.

A2. BRIEFING.

Players should be briefed on rules and on local court hinders before a match.

B. REFEREE.

1. Pre-match duties.

Before each match commences it shall be the duty of the referee to:

(a) Playability: Check on adequacy of preparation of the handball court with respect to playability.
(b) Equipment: Check on availability and suitability of all materials necessary for the match such as handballs, scorecards and pencils (or marking pens).
(c) Assisting Officials: Check readiness and provide instructions to assisting officials (marker).
(d) Court Hinders: Explain court hinders, if any, to players.
(e) Inspect Gloves and Uniforms: Remind players to have an adequate supply of extra gloves and shirts. Inspect compliance of gloves and hands with rules.
(f) Start Game: Introduce players, toss coin to determine order of serve, and signal start of game.
(g) Time: The assigned referee should be present 15 minutes before match time.
(h) Two-minute Warning: He should give a two minute advance notification be fore the match and before each game. The referee shall announce the scores before each rally.

2. Decisions.

(a) During games the referee shall decide all questions that may arise in accordance with these rules. On all questions and situations not covered by these rules, the decision of the referee is final. This might include changing a call.
b) Stoppages: Should a match be stopped during the course of play because of weather conditions, failing light, or any other unforeseen circumstances, it must be resumed from the point of stoppage with the same players and, if possible, the same officials. A wet or partially wet court shall be considered unplayable.

3. Appeal Calls.

During the rally, if a player feels his opponent did not return the ball legally (double bounce, wrist ball, or carry), he must stop play and appeal. He then accepts the consequences of the appeal.

4. Protests.

A player refusing to accept a referee's ruling shall continue to play "under protest" but may lodge a formal objection in accordance with the rules within seven days. Such "protest" should be noted in the Referee's Report.

5. Forfeitures.

A match may be forfeited by the referee when:

(a) Unsportmanlike Conduct: Any player refuses to abide by the referee's decision or engages in unsportsmanlike conduct.
(b) A player leaving the court without the permission of the referee or refusing to continue the match shall automatically be suspended for six months and no Council or Committee of Comhairle Liathroid Laimhe na hEireann shall have the power to modify this penalty. In the case of doubles matches the referee shall endeavour to find out if the player's partner is willing to continue and report accordingly. The Council or Committee in charge must award the match to the player (in singles) or side (in doubles) willing to continue.
(c) Players failing to report at the venue at the appointed time shall forfeit the match unless the controlling body considers that extenuating circumstances exist.

C. MARKER.

A marker shall be appointed to keep a record of the points scored and assist the referee by keeping the record of the order of service. The referee shall inform the players of the score before each service.

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PLAY REGULATIONS.

A. SERVE.

1. General.

(a) Order: The player or side winning the toss of a coin becomes the first server and starts the first game. (b) Start: Games are started by the referee calling "play ball".
(c) Place: The server may serve from any place in the service zone. No part of either foot may extend beyond either line of the service zone. Stepping on the line (but not beyond) is permitted. Server must remain in the service zone until the served ball passes short line. Violations are called "foot faults". See rule IV A.3.b.i.
(d) Manner: A serve is commenced by bouncing the ball to the floor in the service zone. After the serve is commenced on the first bounce the ball must be struck by the server's hand or fist so that it hits the front wall and on the rebound hits the floor back of the short line, either with or without touching one of the side walls.
(e) Readiness: Serves shall not be made until the receiving side is ready. "Ready" means receiver has at least one full second in the receiving position. Server must also stand in the "ready" position for one full second before serving.

2. Doubles.

(a) Server: At the beginning of each game in doubles, each side informs the referee of the order of service, which order must be followed throughout the game. Only the first server may serve the first time up and continue to serve first throughout the game. When the first server is out, the side is out. Thereafter, both players on each side shall serve until a handout for each occurs. It is not necessary for the server to alternate serves to his team's opponents.
(b) Partner's Position: On each serve, the server's partner shall stand erect with his back to the side wall and with both feet on the floor within the service box until the served ball passes the short line. Violations are called "Foot faults."

3. Defective Serves:

Defective serves are of three types resulting in penalties as follows:

(a) Dead Ball Serves: A dead ball serve results in no penalty and the server is given another serve without cancelling a prior illegal serve. They occur when an otherwise legal service:
ft high and 60 ft long with back wall recommended minimum height of 10 ft.

2. Lines and zones.

Handball courts shall be divided and marked on the floors with 2 inch wide lines. Recommended colour is white. The lines shall be marked as follows:

(a) Short Line: The short line is parallel to the front and back walls Its outside measurement is 20 ft. from the front wall in the international court and 32.5 ft. from the front wall in the 60 x 30 court.
(b) Service Line: The service line is parallel with the short line and its outside measurement is 5 ft in front of the outside of the short line.
(c) Service Zone: The service zone is the area between the outer edges of the short and service lines.
(d) Service Boxes: A service box is located at each end of the service zone by lines whose outside measure is 18 inches from and parallel with each side wall.
(e) Receiver's Restraining Lines: Five feet back of the short line (outside ` measure ), lines should be marked on the floor extending 6 inches from the side wall. These lines are parallel to the short line.